Everything about Oenothera Biennis totally explained
Oenothera biennis (
Common evening primrose or
Evening star) is a species of
Oenothera native to eastern and central
North America, from
Newfoundland west to
Alberta, southeast to
Florida, and southwest to
Texas, and widely
naturalized elsewhere in temperate and subtropical regions.
It is a
biennial flowering plant growing to 30–150 cm tall. The
leaves are lanceolate, 5–20 cm long and 1–2.5 cm broad, produced in a tight rosette in the first year, and spirally on the stem in the second year. The
flowers are pale yellow, 2.5–5 cm diameter, with four
petals; they're
hermaphrodite, and produced on a tall spike from late spring to late summer. They open in the evening, hence the name "evening primrose", and close by the following noon. The flower has a bright
nectar guide pattern, invisible in visible light, but apparent under ultraviolet light, which assists its
pollinated by
Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) and
bees. The
fruit is a
capsule 2–4 cm long and 4–6 mm broad, containing numerous 1–2 mm long
seeds, released when the capsule splits into four sections at maturity.
It is also known as Weedy evening-primrose, German rampion, hog weed, King's cure-all, and fever-plant.
Cultivation and uses
The mature seeds contain approximately 7-10
% gamma-linolenic acid, a rare
essential fatty acid. The
O. biennis seed oil is used to reduce the pains of
premenstrual stress syndrome and is beneficial to the skin of the face. Also, poultices containing
O. biennis were at one time used to ease
bruises and speed
wound healing .
Further Information
Get more info on 'Oenothera Biennis'.
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